Gołąbki
 Gołąbki served with tomato sauce and vegetables | |
| Alternative names |  галубцы/hałubcy голубцы, golubtsy голубці, holubtsi  holubky |
|---|---|
| Course | Appetizer or main |
| Place of origin |  Poland Belarus |
| Region or state | Central and Eastern Europe |
| Created by | Lipka Tatars, West Slavs, East Slavs |
| Serving temperature | Hot or cold |
| Main ingredients | Cabbage, pork or beef |
| Ingredients generally used | onions, rice or kasza, bolete mushrooms |
Gołąbki (Polish pronunciation: [ɡɔˈwɔmpki] ⓘ) is the Polish name of a dish popular in cuisines of Central and Eastern Europe, made from boiled cabbage leaves wrapped around a filling of minced pork or beef, chopped onions, and rice and/or kasza.
Gołąbki are often served during festive occasions such as weddings, holidays such as Christmas Day, and other family events.[1][2]
They can also be prepared using a number of various fillings instead of meat or rice, including mashed potatoes, boiled eggs, barley groats and others. In some variants, the cabbage leaves may sometimes be substituted with vine leaves or fermented instead of fresh cabbage leaves.
Etymology
[edit]Gołąbki is the plural form of gołąbek, the diminutive form of gołąb ("pigeon, dove"). Max Vasmer accepts this as the origin of the word, stating that the dish was so named due to similarity in shape. The Polish linguist Marek Stachowski finds this theory semantically dubious. He instead proposes an Oriental borrowing, pointing out that a similar dish, aside from Eastern Europe, is known in the Levant and Central Asia. He mentions Persian کلم kalam "cabbage" or کلم پیچ kalam pič "cabbage roll" and Old Armenian կաղամբ kałamb "cabbage" as possible sources. The word would have later been altered by folk etymology to resemble the word for the bird.[3]
Other names
[edit]Gołąbki are also referred to in English as golombki, golumpki, golabki, golumpkies, golumpkis, gluntkes, or gwumpki.[1][2][4] Similar variations are called holubky (Czech, Slovak), sarmale (Romanian), töltött káposzta (Hungarian), holubtsi (Ukrainian), golubtsy (Russian), balandėliai (Lithuanian), Kohlrouladen (German) or kåldolmar (Sweden, from the Turkish dolma). In Yiddish, holipshes, goleptzi golumpki and holishkes or holep are very similar dishes.[5]
In the United States, the terms are commonly Anglicized by second- or third-generation Americans to "stuffed cabbage", "stuffed cabbage leaves", or "cabbage casserole".[1][2][4][6] They are also referred to as "pigs in a blanket",[7][8] not to be confused with pigs in blankets in British and Irish cuisine.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Bice, Jeanne (2008). The Ultimate Christmas: The Best Experts' Advice for a Memorable Season With Stories and Photos of Holiday Magic (recipe originally from Robin Kurth). HCI. p. 130. ISBN 9780757307546. Retrieved November 21, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Mendicino, Tom; Polito, Frank (2011). Remembering Christmas. Kensington Books. p. 87. ISBN 9780758266859. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ^ Stachowski, Marek (2016). "Uwagi do etymologii słowiańskiej nazwy potrawy "gołąbki"" (PDF). Przegląd Wschodnioweuropejski. VII (2). Olsztyn: Centrum Badań Europy Wschodniej UWM: 239–244. ISSN 2081-1128.
- ^ a b De Kleine, John (2009). Lots Of Fat And Taste Recipes. Xlibris Corporation. p. 114. ISBN 9781441530950. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ^ "Dictionary of American Regional English". University of Wisconsin. n.d. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ^ Frank Stanley Placzek (2010). I Surrendered All. AuthorHouse. p. 108. ISBN 9781452047591. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
- ^ Silverman, Deborah Anders (2000). Polish-American Folklore. University of Illinois Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-252-0256-9-5.
- ^ Long, Lucy M., ed. (2016). Ethnic American Cooking. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 234. ISBN 9781442267343.